Retailers will be hoping for a Christmas miracle after consumer confidence fell again last month.
The closely watched GfK consumer confidence index fell to -10 over the past month, showing that consumers were more gloomy than they had been in September, which scored -9, and August, at -7.
This does not bode well for sellers preparing for the festive selling season and for sellers of big-ticket items, such as car dealers, which are already suffering a sharp drop in trade.